• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Reinforced structure to withstand high pressures comprising a main body (1, 2, 3) that is subject to loads from an external medium and some frames (4) that are arranged radially on the inside of the main body (1, 2, 3), the main body having an outer skin (1) made of composite material that is in contact, directly or indirectly, with the external environment, an inner skin (2) made of composite material that is arranged inside the outer skin (1) and a filler material (3) that is disposed between the outer skin (1) and the inner skin (2); and where the main body (1, 2, 3) has a geometry of variable thickness, projecting the main body (1, 2, 3), between the frames (4), radially towards the interior of the reinforced structure. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2765019A1
    申请号:ES201831183
    申请日:2018-12-05
    公开日:2020-06-05
    发明作者:Martinez Manuel Torres
    申请人:Torres Martinez M；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] REINFORCED STRUCTURE TO SUPPORT HIGH PRESSURES
    [0004] Technical sector
    [0006] The present invention proposes a reinforced structure made of composite materials with a geometric arrangement that optimizes the work of the materials. The invention is specially designed to be used in underwater vehicles that are subjected to high pressures, although it can be used for other types of vehicles or applications that require withstanding such pressures.
    [0008] State of the art
    [0010] The design and manufacture of underwater vehicles is based on the use of metallic materials, usually using steels and also titanium in some of them. The great depths to which these devices are submerged imply the need to withstand high pressures along the entire surface. Said pressure, proportional to the depth of immersion, implies the main structural loads within such a vehicle.
    [0012] The usual structure is based on a frame structure with ring geometry and a continuous hull. Sometimes a double helmet is used, which separates the hydrodynamic functions from the structural ones, but the use of a single helmet is common today. The frames are responsible for giving stability to the structure, supporting the main radial compression loads. The hull, in turn, supports part of these radial compression loads, but it must also be able to keep the frames in their axial position against the significant compression loads generated by the lateral faces of the vehicle.
    [0014] Accordingly, the underwater vehicle must withstand two main types of load: on the one hand, the radial pressure load imposed by the hydrostatic pressure of the water that surrounds the underwater vehicle, and the lateral pressure load, imposed by the same hydrostatic pressure of the water pressing in the axial direction of the underwater vehicle, at both ends.
    [0015] Both the hull and the frames are made of metal, involving very large amounts of material to withstand the loads generated, even at relatively shallow depths, around 300m. The usual manufacturing is based on welding processes, initially generating a series of rings formed by a limited number of frames and their associated hull, to then go on to join, again by welding, that set of rings to achieve the final geometry . The dimensions of the submarines imply that these welding processes are expensive and complex, involving significant manual labor and long process periods.
    [0017] Furthermore, additional capabilities are necessary due to the environment in which these types of vehicles operate. The conditions are aggressive especially in relation to the corrosion of the materials, so it is necessary to use metallic materials capable of withstanding these conditions, involving expensive materials and treatments that make the generated structure more expensive.
    [0019] Composite materials, and especially those reinforced with carbon fiber or similar, are materials that have been spreading in use in multiple sectors, especially those related to transportation. Mainly the aeronautical sector has opted for them and has integrated them into the last generations of aircraft in a massive way, for their lightness and good mechanical behavior, and also for the ease of integrating multiple components in a single final product.
    [0021] However, fiber-reinforced materials show better behavior in cases of tensile load, while operation under compression conditions is more unfavorable for them, so for the moment its application in vehicles that must withstand high pressures, such as submarines, for example, has not been implemented.
    [0023] Object of the invention
    [0025] A subject of the present invention is a reinforced structure based on composite materials that has an improved structural configuration to withstand high pressures. The invention is especially directed towards a reinforced structure for submarine vehicles based on composite materials capable of achieving an operation of the Composite material in an optimal configuration, and that allows to take advantage of the properties of these materials to the maximum with the consequent structural optimization and the reduction of weight of the structure.
    [0027] The reinforced structure to withstand high pressures proposed by the invention comprises:
    [0029] • a main body that is subjected to loads from an external environment and that has:
    [0031] or an outer skin made of composite material that is in contact, directly or indirectly, with the external environment;
    [0032] or an inner skin made of composite material that is arranged inside the outer skin; and
    [0033] or a filler material that is disposed between the outer skin and the inner skin; and
    [0035] • frames that are arranged radially on the inside of the main body;
    [0037] where the main body has a geometry of variable thickness, projecting the main body, between the frames, radially towards the interior of the reinforced structure.
    [0039] In use, the structure is subjected to loads from the external environment. In the preferred case of using the structure for the manufacture of an underwater vehicle, the external medium is water, and the loads to which the structure is subjected are mainly two. A radial pressure load imposed by the hydrostatic pressure of the water that surrounds the structure, and a lateral pressure load, imposed by the same hydrostatic pressure of the water pressing in the axial direction of the structure at both ends.
    [0041] On the one hand, the lateral pressure load implies a compression effort, which is mainly supported by the outer skin of the structure to keep the distance between frames constant.
    [0043] Preferably the outer skin composite material is a fiber reinforced composite material. Even more preferably the composite material of the outer skin is carbon fiber, or fiberglass, resin cured.
    [0044] On the other hand, the radial pressure load implies a tensile stress that is mainly supported by the inner skin of the structure and the frames. The fiber-reinforced composite material is particularly suitable to withstand the radial pressure load, since this type of load has a tensile nature, and the composite material exhibits better behavior under such loads.
    [0046] Accordingly, said load has an effect similar to that of a catenary, in which the fibers support the effort by working in traction, this being the optimal operation for the composite material. Thus, the composite material of the inner skin is preferably a fiber-reinforced composite material. Even more preferably the composite material of the outer skin is carbon fiber or resin cured fiberglass.
    [0048] In addition, the variable thickness geometry, by means of which the reinforced structure has a greater thickness between frames, improves behavior against combined lateral and radial loads that may imply flexion, avoiding buckling of the outer skin.
    [0050] Additionally, it is planned that the frames will also be made of composite material. Like leathers, the frames are preferably a fiber-reinforced composite material, even more preferably the outer skin composite is carbon fiber, or resin-cured fiberglass.
    [0052] In this way, the reinforced structure is capable of optimizing the operation of the inner skin, which works under tensile stresses, maintaining an outer zone that allows maintaining the geometry under compression loads due to the lateral pressure to which the structure is subjected.
    [0054] For example, given the properties of carbon fiber, with a density notably lower than that of steel (1550kg / m3 compared to 7890kg / m3) and a tensile strength that is around 2 and 3 times the steel, a structure of smaller size and weight than its equivalent made of steel is obtained.
    [0056] Additionally, the use of composite materials allows to avoid the usual welding processes both in the generation of the frames and in the union of the same for the generation of the geometry of the final structure. Thanks to resin infusion processes and co-curing of components, the outer skin of the structure can be formed as a single piece without the need for additional joining components, such as welds, rivets or other types of mechanical or chemical bonds beyond the curing of the resin itself.
    [0058] In this way, a reinforced composite structure with an optimized design is obtained, allowing the composite material used to offer its best possible performance.
    [0060] Description of the figures
    [0062] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the reinforced structure of the invention applied to a submarine vehicle, with a section in the axial direction that allows observing the elements that make up the structure.
    [0064] Figure 2 shows an enlarged detail of the view of the previous figure.
    [0066] Figure 3 shows an axial sectional view of the underwater vehicle that allows observing the geometry of variable thickness of the main body of the structure and the arrangement of the frames.
    [0068] Figure 4 shows an enlarged detail of the view of the previous figure.
    [0070] Detailed description of the invention
    [0072] An exemplary embodiment of a reinforced structure according to the invention applied in a submarine vehicle is shown in FIG. 1.
    [0074] The structure comprises a main body (1,2,3) and frames (4) that are arranged radially on the inside of the main body (1,2,3). The reinforced structure is subjected to loads from an external environment, such as loads due to the hydrostatic pressure of water.
    [0076] The main body (1,2,3) has an elongated configuration. The main body (1,2,3) has the shape of a cylinder closed at both ends, where the longitudinal section of the cylinder is progressively reduced at the ends until it is completely closed, so that the main body (1,2,3) is hermetic and watertight.
    [0078] The frames (4) are reinforced structural components with a shape configured to adapt to the interior part of the main body (1,2,3). The frames (4) preferably have an annular or similar configuration to adapt to the internal diameter of the cylindrical shape of the main body (1,2,3). The geometry of the frame (4) will be adapted to that which is most convenient from the structural and manufacturing point of view, and may be double-T profiles, rectangular profiles, or the like.
    [0080] The main body (1,2,3) comprises an outer skin (1), an inner skin (2) and a filler material (3). The inner skin (2) is arranged inside the outer skin (1) and the filling material (3) is arranged between the outer skin (1) and the inner skin (2).
    [0082] The main body (1,2,3) has a variable thickness geometry, projecting the main body (1,2,3), between the frames (4), radially towards the interior of the reinforced structure.
    [0084] As seen in detail in Figures 3 and 4, the variable thickness geometry has a sinusoidal shape that improves stress distribution. Said shape is obtained by varying the thickness of the filling material (3) between frames (4). Thus, the filling material (3) has a variable thickness along the main body, the thickness of the filling material (3) being arranged between adjacent frames (4) being greater than the thickness of the filling material (3). which is arranged in the areas where the frames (4) rest on the inner skin (2).
    [0086] In said embodiment shown in the figures, the inner (2) and outer (1) skins have a uniform thickness throughout the main body, while the filling material (3) has a variable thickness, although the skins (1, 2) They could also have a variable thickness that was not uniform. There could even be the possibility that there was no filling material (3) in the areas where the frames (4) rest on the inner skin (2), or that it was practically nil.
    [0088] Thus, the geometry of the main body with the inner skin (2), the filling material (3) and the outer skin (1) forms a structure similar to a traditional sandwich panel, with the main difference being that it has a variation in thickness. of the filling material (3) in the area between two adjoining frames (4). The thickness variation adjusts so that the path in the axial direction of the inner skin (2) follows a parabolic or even catenary path.
    [0090] To support the loads due to the hydrostatic pressure of the water, the outer (1) and inner (2) skins are made of composite material. Likewise, the frames (4) can also be made of composite material. The composite material is preferably fiber reinforced. Even more preferably the composite material is carbon fiber, glass fiber, or the like, resin cured.
    [0092] The filling material (3) that is arranged between the skins (1,2) is either a structural foam with a density greater than 200 kg / m3, or some other filling material with high mechanical properties. In either case, it must be stiff and strong enough to withstand enormous pressure loads.
    [0094] Accordingly, the outer skin (1) that is in contact, directly or indirectly, with the external medium, receives lateral and radial pressure loads from the medium, which are transmitted to the rest of the reinforced structure. The lateral pressure load is mainly supported by the outer skin (1), while the radial pressure load is mainly supported by the inner skin (2) and the frames (4). On the other hand, the variable thickness geometry helps to mitigate the effect of lateral and radial loads that may imply bending.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1 Reinforced structure to withstand high pressures characterized by comprising:
    • a main body (1,2,3) that is subjected to loads from an external environment and that has:
    or an outer skin (1) made of composite material that is in contact, directly or indirectly, with the external environment;
    or an inner skin (2) made of composite material that is arranged inside the outer skin (1); and
    or a filler material (3) that is disposed between the outer skin (1) and the inner skin (2); and
    • frames (4) that are arranged radially on the inside of the main body (1,2,3);
    wherein the main body (1,2,3) has a geometry of variable thickness, projecting the main body (1,2,3), between the frames (4), radially towards the interior of the reinforced structure.
    [2]
    2. - Reinforced structure, according to claim 1, characterized in that the variable thickness geometry has a sinusoidal shape.
    [3]
    3. - Reinforced structure, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling material (3) has a variable thickness along the main body, the thickness of the filling material (3) being arranged between frames (4) contiguous greater than the thickness of the filling material (3) that is arranged in the areas in which the frames (4) rest on the inner skin (2).
    [4]
    4. - Reinforced structure, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite material of the outer skin (1) is a fiber-reinforced composite material.
    [5]
    5. - Reinforced structure, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite material of the inner skin (2) is a fiber-reinforced composite material.
    [6]
    6. - Reinforced structure, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frames (4) are made of fiber-reinforced composite material.
    [7]
    7.- Reinforced structure, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite material is carbon fiber or resin-cured glass fiber.
    [8]
    8. - Reinforced structure, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling material is a structural foam with a density greater than 200 kg / m3.
    [9]
    9. - Submarine vehicle comprising a reinforced structure according to any one of the preceding claims.
    one
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    同族专利:
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    ES2765019B2|2021-07-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE3046000A1|1980-12-05|1982-07-08|M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8000 München|Submersible esp. submarine - has double skin of fibre reinforced plastics with filling esp. of honeycomb plastics or metal|
    CN103482014A|2013-09-13|2014-01-01|中国船舶重工集团公司第七一〇研究所|Composite pressure-resistant casing and molding method thereof|
    CN106080957A|2016-06-13|2016-11-09|中国人民解放军海军工程大学|A kind of sandwich composite pneumatic shell for submersible|
    CN108909935A|2018-07-18|2018-11-30|江苏科技大学|Manned underwater vehicle pressure-resistant apparatus|
    法律状态:
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    ES201831183A|ES2765019B2|2018-12-05|2018-12-05|REINFORCED STRUCTURE TO WITHSTAND HIGH PRESSURES|ES201831183A| ES2765019B2|2018-12-05|2018-12-05|REINFORCED STRUCTURE TO WITHSTAND HIGH PRESSURES|
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